The Fine Line Between When Christians Should Obey and Disobey Their Government
In the contemporary world, believers often grapple with the question of when to obey or disobey their governing authorities. The Bible offers profound insights into this moral/spiritual dilemma, urging us to navigate the fine line between submission and conscientious objection.
Biblical Foundation for Submission to Authority
The Bible unequivocally commands believers to submit to governing authorities. Romans 13:1-2 (NIV) states,
“Let everyone be subject to the governing authorities, for there is no authority except that which God has established. The authorities that exist have been established by God. Consequently, whoever rebels against the authority is rebelling against what God has instituted, and those who do so will bring judgment on themselves.”
This passage underscores the divine origin of governmental power, indicating that submission to political entities is a reflection of submission to God.
Similarly, 1 Peter 2:13-14 (NIV) instructs,
“Submit yourselves for the Lord’s sake to every human authority: whether to the emperor, as the supreme authority, or to governors, who are sent by him to punish those who do wrong and to commend those who do right.”
Instances of Disobedience in the Bible
While the Bible advocates for submission, it also records instances of righteous disobedience. These narratives provide a framework for understanding when defiance is warranted.
Hebrew Midwives in Exodus. In Exodus 1:15-21 (NIV), the Hebrew midwives Shiphrah and Puah defied Pharaoh’s decree to kill all newborn Hebrew boys. Their fear of God surpassed their fear of the king, and they allowed the boys to live. God’s favor rested upon them, rewarding their civil disobedience with families of their own.
This account teaches that when human laws contravene divine commandments, obedience to God takes precedence.
Daniel and the Lion’s Den. Daniel’s defiance of King Darius’ edict in Daniel 6 is another example. When a decree was issued prohibiting prayer to any god or human other than the king, Daniel continued his practice of praying to God even though he knew it would mean his death.
His disobedience led to his being thrown into the lion’s den, but God delivered him, demonstrating divine approval of his faithfulness over compliance with unjust laws.
Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego. In Daniel 3, Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego refused to bow to King Nebuchadnezzar’s golden statue, choosing instead to face the fiery furnace.
Their allegiance to God over the king’s edict resulted in a miraculous deliverance, emphasizing that allegiance to divine authority is paramount.
Principles for Disobedience
These biblical narratives highlight specific principles guiding when Christians should disobey their government:
Contrary to God’s Commandments: When governmental mandates explicitly contradict God’s laws, believers must prioritize divine commands. Acts 5:29 (NIV) underscores this principle:
“Peter and the other apostles replied: ‘We must obey God rather than human beings!'”
Moral Conscience: Christians are called to act according to their moral conscience, informed by Scripture and the Holy Spirit. Romans 14:23 (NIV) asserts,
“Everything that does not come from faith is sin.”
Peaceful Resistance: Disobedience should be conducted in a peaceful and respectful manner, as exemplified by Daniel’s prayerful defiance and the midwives’ subtle resistance. 1 Peter 3:15-16 (NIV) advises,
“But in your hearts revere Christ as Lord. Always be prepared to give an answer to everyone who asks you to give the reason for the hope that you have. But do this with gentleness and respect.”
When to Submit
Conversely, the Bible provides clear guidance on when Christians must submit to their authorities:
Lawful and Just Governance: When government laws align with biblical principles and promote justice and peace, believers are obliged to comply. Titus 3:1 (NIV) instructs,
“Remind the people to be subject to rulers and authorities, to be obedient, to be ready to do whatever is good.”
Paying Taxes: Jesus himself addressed the issue of taxation in Matthew 22:21 (NIV), stating,
“So give back to Caesar what is Caesar’s, and to God what is God’s.”
This directive underscores the legitimacy of lawful governmental claims.
Order and Stability: Christians are called to support societal order and stability, as these are essential for communal well-being. 1 Timothy 2:1-2 (NIV) says,
“I urge, then, first of all, that petitions, prayers, intercession and thanksgiving be made for all people— for kings and all those in authority, that we may live peaceful and quiet lives in all godliness and holiness.”
Navigating the tension between submission and disobedience requires discernment, wisdom, and a thorough understanding of biblical principles. Christians are called to uphold God’s commandments above all, while recognizing the legitimacy of governmental authority. By examining scriptural precedents and adhering to divine guidance, believers can faithfully fulfill their dual responsibilities to God and country.
This article is for general information and is not intended to encourage or discourage any act(s) of civil disobedience.